12 String Guitar Tuning: A Comprehensive Guide

So you're trying to play Stairway to Heaven and be true to the original recording? Well, grab that 12 string guitar and let's go! But first, let's make sure this 2x behemoth of a guitar is properly tuned.

Oh, but you're a serious 12 string guitarist? Don't worry we'll go beyond the stairway, past the typical standard tuning options, and on to some of the equally fun tuning variations commonly played by 12-string aficionados in this article as well.

Analyzing The Strings On Our 12 String Guitar

Tuning a 12 string guitar can be a daunting task but only because it takes twice as long with double the strings. However, 12 string guitars are instruments that are more unforgiving than their 6 string electric and acoustic counterparts in that each of its paired strings must be in unison or things start to sound really funky. But before we go into tuning the guitar itself let's talk about the strings of a 12 string guitar.

For those not keeping count, a 12 string guitar has twice as many strings as a regular guitar but what makes it interesting is that it has six paired strings with each pair tuned in unison. This means that there are still only 6 different notes being played when you strum all the strings. The pairs are typically tuned to the same note, but one string is an octave higher than the other.

The pairs are numbered from 1 to 6, with the first few strings being the thinner strings and the sixth pair being the thickest strings. (Remember from our article on guitar string order that we count strings from bottom to top but say the notes from top to bottom)

The first two pairs on our 12 string guitar actually have the same thickness strings and are tuned to the same exact key, most often an E and a B. The final four pairs (pairs 3, 4, 5, and 6) actually have one thick string and one thin string both tuned to the same key but an entire octave apart - with the thinner string being the higher octave. So, even though your chord shapes won't vary at all between a 6 and 12 string guitar, it's this duality of each paired string in thickness and pitch that gives a 12 string guitar its bright dynamism.  

12 String Guitar - Standard Tuning

The standard tuning for a 12 string guitar is E-A-D-G-B-E, which is the same as a six string guitar.  The first and second thinner paired strings are tuned to E and B respectively and each pair is actually the same thickness of string.

To tune a 12 string guitar, start with the low E string on the sixth pair. Tune it to the correct pitch using a chromatic tuner or by matching it to a reference pitch on a piano or another guitar. Once the low E string is in tune, tune the high E string on the first pair to the same pitch.

The pairs are typically tuned to the same note, but one string is an octave higher than the other. It is recommended to use an electronic tuner or a reference pitch to ensure that the guitar is in tune.

Alternative Tunings

One of the best ways to start advancing your guitar skills is to start altering how your guitar is tuned.

Open Tuning

Open Tuning is a technique that involves tuning the guitar strings to a chord, allowing the player to strum all the strings and produce a full chord. This technique is used to create a unique and full sound, particularly in genres such as blues, folk, and country.

There are several common open tunings for 12-string guitars, including Open D, Open G, and Open C. In Open D, the guitar strings are tuned to D-A-D-F#-A-D. In Open G, the strings are tuned to D-G-D-G-B-D. In Open C, the strings are tuned to C-G-C-G-C-E.

Dropped Tuning

Dropped Tuning is a technique that involves tuning the strings of a guitar down by one or more steps. This technique produces a deeper, heavier sound, particularly in genres such as rock and metal.

There are several common dropped tunings for 12-string guitars, including Drop D, Drop C, and Drop B. In Drop D, the guitar strings are tuned to D-A-D-G-B-E. In Drop C, the strings are tuned to C-G-C-F-A-D. In Drop B, the strings are tuned to B-F#-B-E-G#-C#.

Overall, alternative tuning methods can add a new dimension to a 12-string guitar's sound. By experimenting with different tunings, guitarists can create unique and interesting sounds that can set them apart from other players.

Nashville Tuning

We'd be remiss to write this article and not touch upon Nashville Tuning. Nashville Tuning is not meant for 12 string guitars but for 6 string guitars and it's a misnomer in that it's not a tuning method but a stringing method for a 6 string guitar. This technique almost replicates the sound of a 12-string guitar by removing the lower octave E-A-D-G strings on your 6 string and replacing them with the lighter gauges available in a 12 string set. This results in a guitar that has six regular strings and six higher octave strings.

The Nashville Tuning is particularly useful for creating a unique sound in studio recordings. It adds a sense of depth and richness to the overall sound of a mix. It is also used by many guitarists to add a new dimension to their live performances.

Tuning Tools and Techniques

Chromatic Tuner

Chromatic tuners are a great tool for tuning a 12-string guitar. A chromatic tuner is accurate, easy to use, super affordable, and easily found even on Amazon.

Clip-on tuners are small and easy to use. They clip onto the headstock of the guitar and use a vibration sensor to detect the pitch of each string. They are very accurate and can be used in noisy environments.

Pedal tuners are larger and are designed to be used on stage. They are connected to the guitar using a cable and are controlled using foot switches. They are also very accurate and can be used to tune multiple guitars at once.

Guitar tuner apps have become really common today and some are even free - some of our favorites are Guitar Tuna and the Fender Tune apps.

Tuning by Ear

Tuning a 12-string guitar by ear can be challenging, but it is a useful skill to have. It requires a good ear and some practice. The most common method for tuning a 12-string guitar by ear is to use harmonics.

To tune a 12-string guitar using harmonics, the player should first tune the low E string to a reference pitch. Then, they should play the 5th fret harmonic on the low E string and tune the A string to match the pitch of the harmonic. They should then play the 5th fret harmonic on the A string and tune the D string to match the pitch of the harmonic. This process should be repeated for the G, B, and high E strings.

Another method for tuning a 12-string guitar by ear is to use a reference pitch from another instrument or a tuning fork. The player should tune the low E string to the reference pitch and then tune the other strings using the same method as with harmonics.

Common Issues and Solutions

String Breakage

One of the most common issues with 12-string guitars is string breakage. This can happen due to a variety of reasons such as improper installation or tuning, age of the strings, or excessive tension on the strings.

To prevent string breakage, make sure to properly install and tune the strings. Check the bridge and nut for any sharp edges that may cause the strings to break. Also, make sure to use high-quality strings that are designed specifically for 12-string guitars.

If a string does break, it is important to replace it as soon as possible. Leaving a broken string on the guitar can cause damage to the neck or other parts of the guitar.

Tuning Stability

Another common issue with 12-string guitars is tuning stability. Due to the higher tension on the strings, it can be difficult to keep the guitar in tune for an extended period of time.

To improve tuning stability, make sure to properly stretch and break in the strings before playing. This can be done by gently pulling on each string and tuning it back up to pitch several times.

Using a high-quality tuner can also help improve tuning stability. Make sure to tune the guitar regularly, especially before and after playing.

Finally, make sure to store the guitar in a cool, dry place to prevent changes in temperature and humidity that can affect the tuning stability of the guitar.

Maintenance for Optimal Tuning

Regular String Changes

To maintain optimal tuning on a 12-string guitar, regular string changes are necessary. Over time, strings can become worn, stretched, or corroded, leading to issues with tuning stability. The frequency of string changes will depend on how often the guitar is played and the type of strings being used. As a general rule, it's recommended to change the strings every 2-3 months for regular players.

When changing the strings, it's important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and use the appropriate tools. This will ensure that the strings are installed correctly and securely. It's also a good idea to stretch the strings after installation to help them settle into place and reduce the likelihood of tuning issues.

Proper Storage

Proper storage is also important for maintaining optimal tuning on a 12-string guitar. When not in use, the guitar should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures. This will help prevent the wood from warping and the strings from becoming brittle.

It's also a good idea to store the guitar in a case or gig bag to protect it from dust, dirt, and other debris. When transporting the guitar, make sure it's secured properly to prevent any damage to the neck or headstock.

By following these simple maintenance tips, players can ensure that their 12-string guitar stays in tune and sounds great for years to come.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I tune my 12 string guitar with an electronic tuner?

To tune your 12 string guitar with an electronic tuner, simply connect the tuner to your guitar and pluck each string one at a time. The tuner will display the pitch of each string and guide you in tuning it to the correct frequency.

What are the frequencies for tuning a 12 string guitar?

The standard tuning for a 12 string guitar is E2, A2, D3, G3, B3, E4. The frequencies for each string are as follows:

• E2: 82.41 Hz
• A2: 110 Hz
• D3: 146.83 Hz
• G3: 196 Hz
• B3: 246.94 Hz
• E4: 329.63 Hz

Is it difficult to tune a 12 string guitar?

Tuning a 12 string guitar can be a bit more challenging than tuning a 6 string guitar due to the additional strings. However, with practice and the right tools, it can be done easily.

Do I need a special tuner for my 12 string guitar?

No, you do not need a special tuner for your 12 string guitar. Any electronic tuner that is capable of detecting the pitch of each string will work.

Are there any differences in playing a 12 string guitar compared to a 6 string?

Yes, there are some differences in playing a 12 string guitar compared to a 6 string. The additional strings can make it more difficult to fret chords and can require more finger strength. However, the unique sound of a 12 string guitar is worth the extra effort.

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